European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025
BK polyomavirus in a Portuguese healthy group: seroprevalence, viral Excretion, and implications for transmission pathways.
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Oliveira Joana M, Veiga Daniela, Pereira Sara, Luxo Cristina, Matos Ana Miguel
Аннотация
PURPOSE: The present study aimed to: characterize BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection in a group of a Portuguese healthy individuals by evaluating its seroprevalence and urinary excretion; and to contribute to the elucidation of BKPyV transmission routes by assessing its genome in respiratory and vaginal secretions.
METHODS: Different types of biological samples from healthy Portuguese individuals were used in this study. The presence of BKPyV-specific IgG antibodies was evaluated in 83 serum samples trough ELISA methodology. BKPyV DNA was assessed in 123 urines, 574 nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal secretions, and 293 vaginal secretions by real-time PCR.
RESULTS: BKPyV antibodies were detected in 78.3% of the studied healthy adults, with a slight decrease observed with age. BKPyV DNA was detected in urine of 17.9% of the evaluated individuals (median BKPyV-load 2.34 log copies/mL). The frequency of BKPyV genome in urine increased with age, with values of 7.5% among children and 22.9% among adults (p = 0.045). BKPyV DNA was detected in one nasopharyngeal secretion (0.2%), and three vaginal exudates (1.0%).
CONCLUSION: The obtained seroprevalence data supports the hypothesis of a primary infection during the first years of life, followed by a waning of antibodies in older individuals. BKPyV urinary excretion was detected in seronegative individuals, which may represent primary infections or be associated with a age-related loss of antibodies. Regarding BKPyV transmission, nasopharyngeal secretions are unlikely to be implicated, whereas vaginal secretions may represent a potential source or site of transmission.
METHODS: Different types of biological samples from healthy Portuguese individuals were used in this study. The presence of BKPyV-specific IgG antibodies was evaluated in 83 serum samples trough ELISA methodology. BKPyV DNA was assessed in 123 urines, 574 nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal secretions, and 293 vaginal secretions by real-time PCR.
RESULTS: BKPyV antibodies were detected in 78.3% of the studied healthy adults, with a slight decrease observed with age. BKPyV DNA was detected in urine of 17.9% of the evaluated individuals (median BKPyV-load 2.34 log copies/mL). The frequency of BKPyV genome in urine increased with age, with values of 7.5% among children and 22.9% among adults (p = 0.045). BKPyV DNA was detected in one nasopharyngeal secretion (0.2%), and three vaginal exudates (1.0%).
CONCLUSION: The obtained seroprevalence data supports the hypothesis of a primary infection during the first years of life, followed by a waning of antibodies in older individuals. BKPyV urinary excretion was detected in seronegative individuals, which may represent primary infections or be associated with a age-related loss of antibodies. Regarding BKPyV transmission, nasopharyngeal secretions are unlikely to be implicated, whereas vaginal secretions may represent a potential source or site of transmission.