Epidemiological analysis of odontogenic cysts and tumors: a 10-year retrospective study based on the 2022 WHO classification.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological and clinico-pathological characteristics of odontogenic cysts and tumors in a Turkish subpopulation based on the 2022 WHO classification.

STUDY

DESIGN

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1050 patients treated at a regional tertiary center over a 10-year period (2015-2025). Data regarding age, sex, histopathological diagnosis, and anatomical localization were statistically evaluated.

RESULTS

Of the 1050 cases, 94.2% (n = 989) were odontogenic cysts and 5.8% (n = 61) were odontogenic tumors. The mean age of the cohort was 41.90 ± 16.75 years, with cysts appearing in significantly older patients compared to tumors (p < .001). Odontogenic cysts showed a male predominance (57.5%), while tumors occurred more frequently in females (65.6%). The most frequent lesions were radicular cysts (76%) and odontomas (68.9%). The posterior mandible was the primary anatomical site for both categories (44.4% for cysts; 36.1% for tumors).

CONCLUSION

While the findings generally align with the global literature and the 2022 WHO criteria, the high prevalence of inflammatory cysts and specific demographic variations underscore the influence of regional dynamics and access to dental care.