Multimodal Ultrasound Characterization of a Testicular Leydig Cell Tumor With Emphasis on Microvascular Flow Imaging Findings: A Case Report and Literature Review.

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data of a patient with pathologically confirmed testicular Leydig cell tumor (LCT). During routine preconception screening 1 year ago, a right testicular mass was detected. The patient underwent multimodal ultrasound, including two-dimensional ultrasound, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), elastography, and Microvascular Flow Imaging (MVFI). A distinctive feature was the visualization of both peripheral annular vascularity and intralesional blood flow from MVFI. Postoperative histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of LCT. We reviewed relevant literature on sonographic features of LCT and compared the findings with the multimodal ultrasound presentation in this case, aiming to provide insights for accurate diagnosis of LCT.