Impact of extracted primary teeth on occlusion and its relation to weight status among a group of children.

Introduction

Premature loss of primary molars can disrupt dental arch integrity, alter occlusal relationships, and predispose to malocclusion. Concurrently, undernutrition may influence craniofacial growth, compounding occlusal disturbances. Aims: The study’s objectives were to assess the effects of early primary molar extraction on the formation of occlusal relationships and investigate its relationship to children’s weight-for-age status. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 children between the ages of 7 and 8. Each child was examined to ascertain the presence of any premature loss of primary molars in the upper or lower jaw, evaluated on a unilateral basis. The occlusal relationship of molar permanent teeth was evaluated bilaterally, and the weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) was assessed. A comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted, encompassing percentage distributions, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Pearson chi-square test, with a significance level of 5%. This analysis was undertaken to ascertain the associations between premature tooth loss, occlusion, and malnutrition.

Results

The most prevalent tooth that had been prematurely lost was the lower first primary molar (38%). A difference in Angle’s molar relationship between the extracted and the control sides was observed, especially among those with premature loss of the second primary molar. The mean WAZ value was significantly lower among children with Class III Angle’s molar relationship on the extracted side (F=16.158, p<0.01). However, it was significantly lower among children with Class II Angle’s molar relationship on the control side (F=33.665, p<0.01).

Conclusions

Premature loss of the primary second molar in the upper arch changed the Angle’s molar classification towards Class II, while in the lower jaw, the Angle’s molar classification changed to Class III. Undernutrition further increases malocclusion risk, emphasizing the need for preventive care and integrated management that addresses both oral and systemic health.