Surgery of the prepuce and penis.

Diseases involving the reproductive tract of bulls are a significant cause of economic and genetic loss to beef (eg, cow-calf units) and dairy (eg, bull studs) cattle producers. Injury or infectious disease may cause these abnormalities. Some injuries are amenable to surgical treatment. Surgical restoration of breeding bulls allows preservation of genetics and economic productivity for the owner of affected bulls. Accurate selection of surgical candidates is necessary to optimize prognosis.