Hip Arthroscopic Surgery in Borderline Developmental Dysplastic Hips: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND

It remains controversial whether hip arthroscopic surgery should be applied to patients with a borderline developmental dysplastic hip (BDDH).

PURPOSE: To review the outcomes of hip arthroscopic surgery for a BDDH and which factors influence these outcomes.

STUDY

DESIGN

Systematic review.

METHODS

PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through March 2018 for studies reporting the outcomes of primary hip arthroscopic surgery in patients with a BDDH. Inclusion in the review was based on the definition of a BDDH, patient-reported outcomes, and duration of follow-up. The primary outcome was the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS). The failure rate, visual analog scale, satisfaction score, and patient-reported outcomes such as the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score were defined as secondary outcomes.

RESULTS

Nine studies with 425 patients who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery were included in this review. The mean follow-up times ranged from 25.4 to 28.8 months across the studies. A significant improvement was obtained in the mHHS, with a mean score of 61.8 preoperatively to 82.8 postoperatively; all other patient-reported outcomes also improved significantly, except the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey mental component summary. The overall failure rate was 14.1%, and the mean reoperation rate was 8.5%. The rate of conversion to total hip arthroplasty ranged from 4.4% to 26.0%, and the rate of conversion to periacetabular osteotomy was 4.0%. Combined defects such as cartilage damage, hip osteoarthritis, ligamentum teres tears, and femoroacetabular impingement could influence the outcomes after arthroscopic surgery in BDDHs.

CONCLUSION

Hip arthroscopic surgery was demonstrated to be a promising approach for BDDHs, but the outcomes could be influenced by multiple risk factors. A higher level of evidence is still needed to support current findings.