[Group A streptococcal-associated arthritis in children].

Group A streptococcal (GAS) infection can cause septic arthritis (SA), acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and post-streptococcal reactive arthritis (PSRA). Differentiating between these three entities can have important consequences for both therapy and prognosis. SA is diagnosed by means of clinical, biochemical and microbiological parameters. With respect to ARF and PSRA, evidence of a recent GAS infection should be established, in combination with several other major or minor criteria. Currently there is ongoing scientific debate as to whether PSRA and ARF are two different disease entities or belong to the same spectrum. PSRA presents earlier after GAS pharyngitis than ARF, is normally less responsive to NSAIDs, has a longer duration and is often accompanied by skin abnormalities. However, there are also many similarities. In this report we describe three children suffering from GAS-associated arthritis and discuss the symptoms, diagnosis and therapy.