Transformation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in adult-oriented rheumatology care.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent form of chronic inflammatory arthritis in children, and the symptoms persist into adulthood for a considerable number of patients. This study aimed to compare the JIA subtypes using the diagnostic criteria used for adults and identify the clinical characteristics and treatment approaches for patients with JIA transitioning to adult-oriented rheumatology care.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

Patients diagnosed with JIA in the pediatric rheumatology clinic were retrospectively evaluated. The patients (n=107) who had at least one follow-up visit in the adult rheumatology clinic were included in the study. After transitioning from pediatric to adult-oriented rheumatology care, 2 experienced adult rheumatologists retrospectively reclassified the patients based on the adult classification criteria with clinical, serological, and radiological findings.

RESULTS

The most common diagnosis was enthesitis-related arthritis (49.5%), followed by oligoarticular JIA (22.4%). The follow-up diagnoses of the JIA patients in adult-oriented rheumatology care were radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) (30.8%), nonradiographic axial SpA (15%), rheumatoid arthritis (12.1%), Still's disease (11.2%), psoriatic arthritis (2.8%), and peripheral SpA (2.8%). However, 25.2% of the patients were unclassified, particularly in the oligoarticular subgroup. During the transition, 60% of the patients with JIA were receiving medical treatment.

CONCLUSION

A significant number of patients in oligoarticular and rheumatoid factor-negative polyarticular JIA groups did not meet adult classification criteria, making them the most challenging subtypes to manage in adult-oriented rheumatology care. Understanding the transformation of distinct phenotypes into adulthood and managing the transition without interruption can improve the prognosis of JIA.