Classical Surgical Alternatives for the Treatment of Lesser Toe Deformities.

Lesser toe deformities are the second most common deformities around the foot and ankle. Early reports of procedures for lesser toe correction date back to the 1880s. Lesser toe deformities have a high variability of appearance. Thorough assessment of the joints involved in the deformity is necessary. Numerous techniques of soft tissue and osseous interventions are available and need to be included for individual correction. Osseous corrections are usually accompanied by soft tissue procedures. Kirschner-wire fixation is still an effective method of fixation, but internal fixation is probably the way to go for the future if cost-effectiveness can be improved.