Early human development · 2026
Higher 2d:4d digit ratios are associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and correlate linearly with cobb angle severity: A sex-stratified case-control study.
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Isık Mustafa, Unat Beytullah, Gönder Nevzat, Kaya Onur, Ozturk Cansu, Tasdemir Rabia
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: The aim is to address adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), a multifactorial deformity with an incompletely understood etiology. This study aims to assess a potential biomarker by analyzing the correlation between the second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D) and the occurrence and severity of AIS, as measured by the Cobb angle.
METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study analyzed radiographs of individuals aged 10 to 18 years. Finger lengths and the Cobb angle were assessed, and the severity of scoliosis was categorized into three categories (mild, moderate, severe) according to the Cobb angle. The dependability of the measurements was evaluated utilizing the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Statistical analyses were conducted utilizing suitable parametric and non-parametric tests within the SPSS for Windows software, with p < 0.05 being statistically significant.
RESULTS: The study comprised 190 participants (99 females, 91 males) in the control group and 182 participants (118 females, 64 males) in the AIS group. The 2D:4D ratios were significantly elevated in the AIS group for both hands (p < 0.001). A linear increase in 2D:4D ratios was noted with the escalation of the Cobb angle (p < 0.001) in females. The difference between the right and left was not significant (p > 0.05). Gender-specific analysis revealed significant differences between the control group and all three AIS subgroups in women (p < 0.05), while in males, significant differences were seen solely between the mild and moderate AIS groups and the control group (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest elevated 2D:4D ratios may signify reduced androgen or increased estrogen exposure during the prenatal phase and are correlated with AIS. The 2D:4D ratio may function as an economical, non-invasive biomarker for AIS. Subsequent research should investigate the viability of this biomarker for clinical screening and therapeutic strategizing. This work is among the first in the literature to assess the 2D:4D ratio in relation to AIS, indicating its potential to significantly enhance the existing body of research.
METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study analyzed radiographs of individuals aged 10 to 18 years. Finger lengths and the Cobb angle were assessed, and the severity of scoliosis was categorized into three categories (mild, moderate, severe) according to the Cobb angle. The dependability of the measurements was evaluated utilizing the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Statistical analyses were conducted utilizing suitable parametric and non-parametric tests within the SPSS for Windows software, with p < 0.05 being statistically significant.
RESULTS: The study comprised 190 participants (99 females, 91 males) in the control group and 182 participants (118 females, 64 males) in the AIS group. The 2D:4D ratios were significantly elevated in the AIS group for both hands (p < 0.001). A linear increase in 2D:4D ratios was noted with the escalation of the Cobb angle (p < 0.001) in females. The difference between the right and left was not significant (p > 0.05). Gender-specific analysis revealed significant differences between the control group and all three AIS subgroups in women (p < 0.05), while in males, significant differences were seen solely between the mild and moderate AIS groups and the control group (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest elevated 2D:4D ratios may signify reduced androgen or increased estrogen exposure during the prenatal phase and are correlated with AIS. The 2D:4D ratio may function as an economical, non-invasive biomarker for AIS. Subsequent research should investigate the viability of this biomarker for clinical screening and therapeutic strategizing. This work is among the first in the literature to assess the 2D:4D ratio in relation to AIS, indicating its potential to significantly enhance the existing body of research.