Guided growth for paediatric knee pathology.

Guided growth has fundamentally transformed paediatric knee surgery, offering a less invasive alternative to manage paediatric knee pathology and lower limb angular deformities. A better understanding of the various guided growth techniques, growth plate mechanism and pathology has expanded the indications of physeal modulation to include coronal plane deformities, patellofemoral instability with genu valgum, osteochondritis dissecans with mechanical malalignment, ACL injuries with associated deformities, sequelae of paediatric meniscal pathology, and knee fixed flexion deformities. This systematic review identifies and examines current applications, techniques, and outcomes of guided growth for paediatric knee pathology, while exploring future directions in this evolving field.