Evolution, hotspots, and future directions of global research on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) care interventions: a visual analysis using CiteSpace and VOSviewer (2005-2025).

BACKGROUND

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. This bibliometric study aimed to map the global research landscape and intellectual evolution of nursing care interventions for VAP from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2025.

METHODS

Publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Scientometric analysis and visualization were performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer to examine publication trends, collaboration networks (countries, institutions, authors), and thematic evolution through keyword co-occurrence, burst detection, and timeline analysis.

RESULTS

Annual publication output showed a steady increase, with a notable rise after 2022. Collaboration networks revealed distinct regional clusters centered in Europe/North America, Asia, and Latin America/Europe. The most cited publications were clinical practice guidelines. Research themes evolved from foundational epidemiology and risk factors to the development and evaluation of preventive "care bundles." Recent frontiers emphasize implementation science, with "oral hygiene," "management," and "implementation" as current research hotspots.

CONCLUSIONS

Research on VAP nursing interventions has matured, solidifying care bundles as a core prevention strategy. The field is now shifting towards optimizing implementation and practical integration of evidence into clinical workflows. Future efforts should foster greater global and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the adaptability and impact of these interventions across diverse healthcare settings.