Pediatric spinal deformity: what every orthopaedic surgeon needs to know.

Pediatric spinal deformity is an integral part of orthopaedic surgical practice. In a general or specialized practice, the well-versed orthopaedic surgeon should be aware of the diagnostic methods and the natural history from which practice standards are derived. It is important to be aware of the spectrum of spinal deformity in children (from early-onset scoliosis to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, kyphosis, and spondylolisthesis) and current principles of growth and maturation as applied to the spine and the thorax. This information should be helpful in attaining the appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and/or referral for a pediatric patient with a spinal deformity.