Spontaneous improvement of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis after T lymphocytosis with suppressor phenotype and function.

Spontaneous improvement of active juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) occurred after T lymphocytosis in an 8-year-old boy. He had prominent lymphocytosis, the count reaching 59,000/mm3, followed by spontaneous disappearance of fever, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and C-reactive protein. The serum immunoglobulin levels were gradually decreased. The surface marker analysis, using two color flow cytometry, showed that the lymphocytes were activated suppressor T lymphocytes, expressing CD3, CD8, HLA-DR, and CD8 plus CD11. When studied in vitro with pokeweed mitogen stimulation, the T lymphocytes significantly suppressed the immunoglobulin production by autologous B lymphocytes as compared with the T lymphocytes at remission (p less than 0.01). Based on the widely believed notion that depression of suppressor T lymphocyte functions is one of the important mechanisms underlying systemic JRA, the activated T lymphocytosis with the suppressor phenotype and suppressive function on the immunoglobulin production may have been related to the improvement of active JRA in the patient.