Fibrous dysplasia in children and its management.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview into the diagnosis and management of fibrous dysplasia (FD) in children.

RECENT FINDINGS: FD is a mosaic disorder arising from somatic Gα s variants, leading to impaired osteogenic cell differentiation. Fibro-osseous lesions expand during childhood and reach final disease burden in early adulthood. The mainstay of treatment focuses on surgical correction of skeletal deformities, physiatric care, and medical management of associated hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies. Bisphosphonates may be helpful to treat bone pain, but do not alter lesion quality or progression. Emerging evidence suggests that the RANKL inhibitor denosumab may be effective in improving lesion activity and mineralization, however further studies are needed to determine the potential utility of this and other novel therapies, particularly in children with FD.

SUMMARY: Management of children with FD has unique challenges related to skeletal growth and age-related lesion progression. Inclusion of children in clinical research is critical to develop effective treatment strategies to treat FD lesions and prevent their development.