[Analysis of Musculoskeletal Systems and Their Diseases. Integrated treatments for osteoporosis toward harmony of bone and muscle].

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia directly affect healthy life expectancy in elderly people ; therefore, both diseases become social problem around the world. Sarcopenia increases the risk of osteoporotic fracture. Thus, not only agents affecting bone tissue directly but also treatments for sarcopenia are important for management of osteoporosis. Recently, it has been shown that there is an interaction between bone and muscle. Several hormones affect muscle and bone simultaneously. Moreover, myokines secreted from muscle are reported to regulate bone metabolism. On the other hand, several systemic and local factors derived from bone also affect muscle tissue. Therefore, further studies are necessary to develop the integrated treatments for osteoporosis toward harmony of bone and muscle.