Challenges of the treatment of pediatric hepatosplenic bartonellosis: case report and literature review.

The hepatosplenic (HS) form of cat scratch disease (CSD) is rarely seen; however, management of the treatment is challenging for clinicians. Monotherapy or combination regimens may be preferred based on severity of cases. Along with that, there are uncertainties as to the combination and duration of antibiotics effective against the microorganisms. In this report, a 12-year-old girl diagnosed with HS-CSD and unresponsive to primary treatment with macrolide group antibiotic was presented. The patient had liver findings compatible with CSD, confirmed radiologically and pathologically, and Bartonella henselae indirect immunofluorescence assay IgG was positive at 1/2048 titre. A combination therapy for six months with doxycycline and rifampicin was initiated, and the patient was successfully treated. The preference for monotherapy or combination regimen in HS-CSD is predominantly determined by the clinician according to the severity of the patient's clinical findings. The effectivity of antimicrobial regimen in HS-CSD requires further investigation.