Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2026
Frequency of MRI abnormalities in adult-onset MOG-IgG-associated disease at disease presentation: A cohort of Latin American patients.
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Pestchanker Claudia, Ciampi Ethel, Castro Suarez Sheila, Caparo Zamalloa Cesar, Daccach Marques Vanesa, Messias Katharina, Gortari José Ignacio, Tkachuk Verónica, Silva Berenice, Mainella Carolina, Reyes Saúl, Toro Jaime, Rodriguez Juan, Correa-Diaz Edgar, Rojas Juan I, Tseriotis Vasilis-Spyridon, Carnero Contentti Edgar
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: The 2023 diagnostic criteria for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD) compiled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features associated with core clinical demyelinating events. We aimed to characterize the frequency and distribution of typical MRI abnormalities in adult-onset MOGAD at disease onset in a Latin American (LATAM) cohort.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and MRI studies of 144 LATAM MOGAD patients that met the 2023 MOGAD criteria at their first documented attack (Chile, n = 40; Peru, n = 36; Argentina, n = 31; Brazil, n = 26; Colombia, n = 8; Ecuador, n = 3). Demographic and clinical characteristics, including relapse type, and MRI scans features performed within 30 days of the initial manifestation were evaluated.
RESULTS: Out of 144 MOGAD patients, 129 (89.6%) had MRI scans performed within 30 days of their first attack. In ON, perineural enhancement was the most common MRI finding (52 patients, 40.3%), followed by longitudinal compromise (48 patients, 37.2%); in spinal cord MRI, longitudinal lesions were most frequent (38 patients, 29.5%), followed by the H-sign (33 patients, 25.6%). Brain MRIs most frequently showed multiple ill-defined T2-hyperintense white matter lesions (27 patients, 21%), followed by ill-defined brainstem lesions (13 patients, 10.1%). Notably, 23 patients (17.8%) showed none of the typical features described in the 2023 diagnostic criteria.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the variability of MRI findings in adult MOGAD patients at disease onset, in a LATAM cohort. Most patients (82.2%) exhibited MRI features consistent with the 2023 diagnostic criteria, reinforcing their applicability in clinical practice, whereas 17.8% did not, underscoring the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and MRI studies of 144 LATAM MOGAD patients that met the 2023 MOGAD criteria at their first documented attack (Chile, n = 40; Peru, n = 36; Argentina, n = 31; Brazil, n = 26; Colombia, n = 8; Ecuador, n = 3). Demographic and clinical characteristics, including relapse type, and MRI scans features performed within 30 days of the initial manifestation were evaluated.
RESULTS: Out of 144 MOGAD patients, 129 (89.6%) had MRI scans performed within 30 days of their first attack. In ON, perineural enhancement was the most common MRI finding (52 patients, 40.3%), followed by longitudinal compromise (48 patients, 37.2%); in spinal cord MRI, longitudinal lesions were most frequent (38 patients, 29.5%), followed by the H-sign (33 patients, 25.6%). Brain MRIs most frequently showed multiple ill-defined T2-hyperintense white matter lesions (27 patients, 21%), followed by ill-defined brainstem lesions (13 patients, 10.1%). Notably, 23 patients (17.8%) showed none of the typical features described in the 2023 diagnostic criteria.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the variability of MRI findings in adult MOGAD patients at disease onset, in a LATAM cohort. Most patients (82.2%) exhibited MRI features consistent with the 2023 diagnostic criteria, reinforcing their applicability in clinical practice, whereas 17.8% did not, underscoring the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach.