Assessing accuracy of measurement methods for bony fusion assessment after anterior cervical discectomy.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Currently, there is no universally accepted method for assessing radiological fusion shortly after anterior cervical discectomy. Five-year follow-up radiological X-rays demonstrating solid fusion or absence of fusion provided a gold standard for comparison with various assessment methods.

PURPOSE: Establishing the most accurate diagnostic test for earlier bony fusion assessment by comparing different cut-off values for the difference in interspinous distance and the change in Cobb angle on dynamic radiological images against the established gold standard.

DESIGN

Posthoc analysis from the NEtherlands Cervical Kinematics (NECK) trial (NTR1289).

PATIENT SAMPLE: A total of 40 patients with 1 level herniated disc that underwent anterior discectomy between 2010 and 2014 returned for a 5-year follow-up X-ray.

OUTCOME MEASURES: Radiological outcome was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively by fusion on radiographic images 5 years after surgery.

METHODS

Radiological dynamic X-rays were reviewed for fusion at 5-year follow-up by a senior spine surgeon. At this timepoint, bony continuity was indisputable and served as gold standard. Cobb angles and interspinous distances on flexion-extension images were measured independently by 2 investigators. Optimum agreement between the gold standard and the 2 methods was assessed, evaluating varying cut-off values, considering sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC).

RESULTS

Dynamic radiographic assessments revealed fusion in 29 out of 40 patients (mean age: 49 years ± 8; 23 women). For Cobb angle (optimal cut-off: ≤3.0°), the AUC was 0.86 with 100% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity. For interspinous distance (optimal cut-off: ≤1.5 mm), the AUC was 0.89 with 96.6% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity. The highest AUC (0.91) was observed for combined cut-off values (Cobb angle ≤3.0° and interspinous distance ≤2.0 mm), yielding 100% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity.

CONCLUSION

The combination of cut-off values ≤3.0° difference for Cobb angle and ≤2.0 mm difference for interspinous distance on lateral flexion-extension X-rays was assessed to be an accurate diagnostic criterion for fusion evaluation. This tool provides a practical and easy applicable method for assessing fusion during follow-up after anterior discectomy.