Luque-Galveston procedure for correction and stabilization of neuromuscular scoliosis and pelvic obliquity: a review of 68 patients.

Sixty-eight patients with neuromuscular spine deformity were treated by posterior spine fusion with Luque-Galveston instrumentation between 1982 and 1986. The minimum follow-up was 4 years. Diagnoses included cerebral palsy in 34 patients and other neuromuscular diseases in another 34 patients. The average age was 14 years. Twenty patients also had anterior spine fusion without instrumentation. Preoperatively the average scoliosis was 73 degrees and this was corrected to 33 degrees at final follow-up. The subgroup having anterior discectomy and fusion had a more severe scoliosis and pelvic obliquity, but the percent of correction was similar to that of the group with posterior reconstruction only. Twenty-four patients who had an associated significant sagittal plane deformity were corrected to a physiologic curvature. A postoperative thoracolumbosacral orthosis was used in 27 patients, and a molded seating orthosis was used in 18. Although the rate of complications was high (62%), most of them were minor. Instrumentation problems occurred in 14 patients (21%), only 4 of them having broken rods. There were no broken wires. Pseudarthrosis occurred in seven patients (10%). Three patients had minor neurologic deficits, all transient. The "windshield-wiper" sign was defined as any radiolucency of 2 mm or greater. Twenty-six patients had this sign at follow-up, and this group had a higher percentage of complications, but the existence of this sign did not necessarily indicate a problem.