Revision rhinoplasty: an overview of deformities and techniques.

This article provides an overview of assessment, planning, and correction of deformities in revision rhinoplasty surgery. Common deformities are described with tips for preventing such postoperative problems, and corrective strategies are suggested. Assessment remains the key to successful rhinoplasty surgery, and its importance in revision operations is emphasized. The external approach is preferred for complex revision surgery due to its unparalleled exposure of the underlying anatomy, but closed approaches are still used for dorsal correction or minor tip deformities. The use of and options for graft material in reconstruction are detailed.