Unusual clinical presentations of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type-2.

BACKGROUND

Mutations of PRF1 gene have been identified in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type-2 (FHL-2) patients, and it has been reported as the commonest gene defect causing FHL. Patients with severe perforin deficiency usually present within first 1 year of life and with severe clinical manifestations.

OBSERVATION: We report 4 cases of severe perforin deficiency presenting with delayed onset and unusual clinical presentations viz., B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the Hodgkin lymphoma, tuberculosis, and the Still disease. Three of these 4 cases showed a common heterozygous missense mutation (p.Trp129Ser). Two of these patients expired because of uncontrolled hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, one patient had 3 relapses while on therapy and one patient was in remission on maintenance therapy.

CONCLUSION

This study shows variety of clinical manifestations of perforin deficiency and although the onset of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is delayed in these patients, the outcome remains poor as in classical severe perforin deficiency patients.