Analysis of Leptospira isolates from mainland Portugal and the Azores islands.

From 228 recent Leptospira isolates from mainland Portugal and Azorean wild mammals, 149 were characterized at the serovar level by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), a quick serological method in epidemiological studies. In order to compare this antigenic information with that from new genetic techniques, a sample of isolates was analyzed through pulsed-field agarose gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (n=71), mapped restriction site polymorphisms (MRSPs) in PCR-amplified rRNA genes (n=45, including 13 saprophytes) and arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) fingerprinting (n=32). MRSP and AP-PCR lead to species identification of the studied 32 pathogenic isolates: Leptospira interrogans (n=3), Leptospira kirschneri (n=8) and Leptospira borgpetersenii (n=21). MAbs and PFGE characterized pathogenic isolates at the serovar level and resulted mainly in agreement (64%) although many discrepancies (35%) were observed.