Sarcopenia and Nutrition on YouTube: A Content Quality and Reliability Assessment.

BACKGROUND/

OBJECTIVES

Sarcopenia is a prevalent age-related condition strongly influenced by protein intake. This study assessed the quality, evidence base, and practical utility of YouTube videos on nutrition and sarcopenia.

METHODS

A structured YouTube search (We searched YouTube in April 2024 using the term 'sarcopenia diet) identified 41 eligible videos. Three trained raters independently assessed each video using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), DISCERN, JAMA benchmarks, subjective impression ratings, technical quality indicators, and additional binary variables. Interrater reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Fleiss' Kappa. Reviewer comments were analyzed qualitatively using Mayring's structured content analysis.

RESULTS

Overall video quality varied substantially. ICCs indicated moderate to high agreement for DISCERN (0.698), JAMA (0.702), and subjective impression ratings (0.779), but minimal agreement for sound and video quality. Fleiss' Kappa showed moderate agreement for scientific soundness (κ = 0.522) and advertisement content (κ = 0.385), while agreement was low for health-related risks and dietary recommendations. Qualitative analysis identified frequent concerns regarding insufficient scientific evidence, vague or impractical protein guidance, limited relevance for older adults, and personal bias; positive features were less common.

CONCLUSIONS

YouTube nutrition content on sarcopenia shows substantial variability and frequent deficits in evidence-based quality and practical relevance. While some videos provide useful introductory information, many are of limited value for lay audiences. Strengthening digital health literacy and expanding expert-driven, evidence-based online resources are essential to support informed decision-making and preventive strategies.