Current Challenges for Spatial Computing in Spine Surgery.

Spine surgery has advanced significantly in recent decades, yet it continues to face numerous challenges that impact patient outcomes and surgical efficacy. This comprehensive review examines the multifaceted obstacles encountered in the current ecosystem of spine surgery, from preoperative planning through long-term follow-up. By critically analyzing these challenges, the authors aim to provide a foundation for future research and innovation for spatial computing in spine surgery. The review highlights key areas of difficulty, including diagnostic precision, surgical planning and execution, patient education, postoperative care, and long-term outcome management. Additionally, it addresses the complexities of data management and ethical considerations in spine surgery research. This in-depth exploration underscores the need for continued interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative approaches to overcome these persistent challenges to facilitate the adoption and utility of spatial computing in spine surgery.