Does Obesity Affect Outcomes of Multilevel ACDF as a Treatment for Multilevel Cervical Spondylosis?: A Retrospective Study.

STUDY

DESIGN

This was a retrospective study of the clinical and radiologic outcomes of multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery for multilevel cervical spondylosis patients.

OBJECTIVE

In this retrospective study, we intended to determine the relationship of neck circumference, neck length, and body mass index (BMI) with the outcomes of multilevel ACDF surgeries for patients with multilevel cervical spondylosis.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic problem since the beginning of the 21st century. However, no study has focused on how local or whole-body obesity indexes (neck circumference, length of neck, and BMI) are related to the outcome of anterior cervical surgery.

METHODS

A total of 156 consecutive patients with multilevel cervical spondylosis who underwent anterior cervical surgery in our department from 2010 to 2016 were enrolled in our study. Preoperative parameters of patients such as the neck circumference, length of neck, height and weight were measured, and the BMI was also calculated. Neck circumference and length of neck in neutral position ratio was determined as an index for evaluated the neck situation. Preoperative and postoperative neurological functions were evaluated using the neck disability index (NDI) and Japan Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores. Postoperative complications during the follow-up period were also recorded. Correlations between the obesity indexes and the various factors were analyzed.

RESULTS

The mean follow-up duration was 3.9±1.4 years (2.0-7.3 y). Compared with the preoperative score, the NDI and JOA score had significantly improved. There were 46 patients (29.49%) developed complications after surgery. Patients in the obese group had the highest rate of complications. Neck circumference and length of neck in neutral position ratio, BMI, and number of operation levels were significant risk factors for the occurrence of dysphagia after multilevel ACDF.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with a higher BMI, larger neck circumference, and shorter neck length may have a longer operation duration, more blood loss, and more postoperative complications. The authors recommended that the presence of obesity and neck circumference and length should be carefully considered in the perioperative risk assessment for a multilevel ACDF surgery.