Comparison of Perioperative Complications Between Anterior Decompression With Fusion and Laminoplasty For Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Propensity Score-matching Analysis Using Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database.

STUDY

DESIGN

A retrospective comparative study with a large national database.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to compare the perioperative complications and costs of anterior decompression with fusion (ADF) and laminoplasty (LAMP) for patients who had cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: CSM is the most common spinal cord disorder in the upper middle-aged people in Japan. ADF and LAMP represent 2 major treatments; however, few studies have reported large-scale investigations for perioperative complications with CSM. Thus, it is controversial which surgical approach will lead to the best clinical outcome in CSM.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

All data in this study were collected from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database for patients diagnosed with CSM. We adjusted for known confounding biases with propensity score matching. One-to-one matched pairs between each surgical procedure were analyzed for the purposes of comparing systemic complication rates, local complication rates, medical costs, and mortality.

RESULTS

After propensity score matching, 1638 pairs of patients undergoing ADF and LAMP were made. More perioperative systemic complications were observed in the ADF group, such as atrial fibrillation (ADF/LAMP=0.7%/0.2%, P=0.032), respiratory failure (1.4%/0.1%, P<0.001), dysphagia (2.2%/0.2%, P<0.001), and sepsis (0.5%/0.1%, P=0.019). In contrast, a high rate of pulmonary embolism was observed with LAMP groups (ADF/LAMP=0%/0.2%, P=0.045). Local complications, such as infection (ADF/LAMP=0.8%/1.7%, P=0.026) and meningitis (0%/0.2%, P<0.045), were more common in the LAMP group. Conversely, spinal fluid leakage (ADF/LAMP=0.6%/0%, P=0.003) was more common in the ADF group. The costs (P<0.001) were higher in the ADF group.

CONCLUSIONS

More systemic complications, such as respiratory disease, cardiovascular events, and sepsis, were observed in the ADF group, although local infection was more frequently seen in the LAMP group. Medical costs were higher in the ADF group. The findings in this study will contribute to each CSM patient by allowing suitable adaptation of cervical surgeries.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.