Assessing the impact of long-term captivity on Saiga Antelope calcaneus mechanical characteristics by three-dimensional finite element simulation.

BACKGROUND

This study investigates the mechanical properties of the calcaneus bone in saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) compared to sheep (Ovis aries) to assess the impact of long-term captivity on bone characteristics. Mechanical testing was conducted to determine the compressive elastic modulus (E) and ultimate stress (σmax) of cancellous and cortical bone. Additionally, finite element analysis (FEA) based on 3D models from Micro-CT scans was used to simulate stress distribution during running at full speed in saiga antelope.

RESULTS

The mechanical testing results revealed that the cortical bone of the saiga antelope calcaneus had a significantly higher elastic modulus (E) than that of sheep (P < 0.05), indicating increased stiffness. However, no significant differences were observed in the cancellous bone properties. FEA showed high stress concentrations in the midshaft region of the saiga antelope calcaneus during running simulations, where the stress exceeded the calcaneal ultimate stress (σmax), suggesting a heightened risk of fracture.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings indicate that long-term captivity may reduce the robustness of the saiga antelope calcaneus, particularly in dynamic situations like running. This highlights the need for better management strategies, such as dietary adjustments and increased physical activity, to enhance the bone health and fitness of saiga antelope for potential reintroduction into the wild.