Are cognitive level and nutritional status determinants of low muscle mass? A cross-sectional study in institutionalized older adults.

OBJECTIVES

The number of older adults is rising annually, which is accompanied by an increase in the number of individuals residing in long-term care facilities. Muscle mass is a determinant of mobility and autonomy in these individuals. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the association between malnutrition and cognitive impairment with low muscle mass among institutionalized older adults.

METHODS

Patients' sociodemographic data and body measurements were analyzed. Low muscle mass was determined by leg perimeter being < 31 cm; cognitive status was evaluated with the Pfeiffer test; and nutritional status, was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form. Logistic regression models were used to analyze whether malnutrition and cognitive impairment are associated with low muscle mass, adjusted for gender and age.

RESULTS

Among participants with low muscle mass, 50% presented malnutrition and 59% presented high cognitive deterioration. Participants with a high cognitive deterioration and malnutrition showed a greater risk of low muscle mass (OR 6.75; P = .003 and OR 6.58; P = .007, respectively) regardless of gender and age.

CONCLUSIONS

Both malnutrition and cognitive deterioration were associated with low muscle mass which is determinant to maintain mobility and independence in older adults.