A rare case report: The impact of Mycobacterium colombiense localized infections in a person living with HIV/AIDS.

Individuals living with HIV/AIDS may be more susceptible to various opportunistic infections due to an immunocompromised status, which can result in diverse clinical manifestations. Among potential pathogens, Mycobacterium colombiense-a slow-growing bacterium-could pose a significant threat to such patients. Here, we present the case of a 46-year-old woman with HIV/AIDS who developed an initial dark red plaque that gradually expanded, accompanied by persistent sinus tracts and suppuration. Interestingly, the patient reported no pain or itching. Further examination revealed no evidence of disseminated infection throughout the body. Skin biopsy and histopathological examination, acid-fast staining (AFS), bacterial culture, and molecular diagnostics collectively confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium colombiense infection. Treatment with a regimen comprising clarithromycin (500 mg/day), ethambutol (1000 mg/day), and moxifloxacin (400 mg/day), in conjunction with complete surgical excision of the lesion, was administered. During follow-up, no recurrence of the rash has been observed. In conclusion, this case serves as a reminder for clinicians to utilize a multi-faceted diagnostic strategy to identify and manage rare pathogens that may otherwise be overlooked, thereby improving patient outcomes.