Mechanisms of the brain-gut-bone axis on bone metabolism: Mediated by serotonin (5-HT) and associated molecules.

The brain-gut-bone axis refers to the interactions among the brain, gut, and bones, which were developed and refined by researchers across multiple fields. This axis was complex and dynamic, and influenced overall health through any possible intervention. This narrative review primarily focused on the regulation of bone metabolism through this axis mediated by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) and mediators. Bone metabolism, influenced by various factors, was characterized by dynamic processes occurring within bone tissue, including bone formation and resorption. To enhance bone metabolism, it was essential to consider the brain-gut-bone axis, offering new insights in clinical research. This review examined the influence of the brain-gut-bone axis on bone metabolism and its underlying mechanisms.