What are the consequences of musculoskeletal pain in adolescents? A critical qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis.

There is a paucity of research into the lived experiences of adolescents with musculoskeletal pain. This study synthesised the available qualitative research on musculoskeletal pain consequences in adolescents. CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Research Rabbit were searched, and a critical qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis was performed (Prospero ID=476626). Screening and data extraction were completed in duplicate. Critical appraisal of included studies and level of confidence in the findings were assessed. A thematic synthesis approach was used to derive analytical themes. Twelve studies were included (n=213). Adolescents (age range 8-22 years) reported functional impediments that impacted daily living, mobility, school, socializing, and sleep. Distress and concern regarding movement, health, isolation, autonomy, support, healthcare experiences, and their future were also reported. Adolescents report complex and burdensome consequences of musculoskeletal pain. The functional impediments and the psychosocial impacts lead adolescents to feel distressed, isolated, and unsupported. Confidence in the findings according to the GRADE-CERQual assessment showed high, moderate and low confidence across the results. This knowledge can be used to develop meaningful communication and understanding in clinical encounters with adolescents, and provide focus for more impactful research, addressing the consequences reported by adolescents.