Comprehensive geriatric assessment markers in older adults with and without sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess measures of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) in older adults with and without sarcopenia.

METHODS

We searched from inception until February 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Random effects model meta-analyses were employed for activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL), geriatric depression scale (GDS), mini nutritional assessment (MNA), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and odds of living alone between older adults with vs. without sarcopenia (CRD42024498106).

RESULTS

Our main analysis showed non-significant differences related to ADL in older adults with sarcopenia vs. without sarcopenia [k = 17; Standardised mean difference (SMD): -0.91, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: -2.06 - 0.24, I2 = 100 %, P = 0.12], however, significant lower levels were observed in those with sarcopenia regarding IADL (k = 11; SMD: -1.12, 95 %CI: -2.15 - -0.09, I2 = 99 %, P = 0.03). Individuals with sarcopenia displayed a significantly higher score of GDS (k = 18; MD: 0.97, 95 %CI: 0.65 - 1.30, I2 = 75 %, P < 0.01) and higher odds of living alone (k = 23; OR: 1.44, 95 %CI: 1.28 - 1.61, I2 = 0 %, P < 0.01). Additionally, adults with sarcopenia showed significantly lower MMSE (k = 24; MD: -1.73, 95 %CI: -2.18 - -1.29, I2 = 83 %, P < 0.01) and MNA scores (k = 29MD: -1.42, 95 %CI: -1.78 - -1.05, I2 = 93 %, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the association of sarcopenia with lower IADL, MMSE performance and MNA scores, highlighting its multidimensional impact and need for early detection and management in older adults.