The impact of sarcopenic obesity on the prevalence and prognosis of non-metastatic colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) and its impact on prognosis in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer (nmCRC) remain controversial. This meta-analysis evaluated SO prevalence and its associations with survival and postoperative outcomes in nmCRC patients.

METHODS

PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, OVID, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2025. Observational studies reporting SO prevalence or its prognostic impact in nmCRC were included. Data were pooled using random/fixed-effects models in R.4.5.1.

RESULTS

A total of 18 studies involving 11283 nmCRC patients were included. The pooled SO prevalence in patients with nmCRC was 13% (95%CI: 7%-22%). SO significantly decreased overall survival (HR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.26-1.82; P = 0.000), disease-free survival (HR = 1.72; 95%CI: 1.27-2.32;P = 0.000). It increased risks of total complications (OR = 2.23; 95%CI: 1.05-4.73; P = 0.037), anastomotic leakage (OR = 2.56; 95%CI: 1.30-5.05; P = 0.007), and mortality (OR = 1.87; 95%CI: 1.34-2.62; P = 0.000). No statistically significant association was observed for cancer-specific survival (HR = 1.50; 95%CI: 0.86-2.63; P = 0.154), recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.60; 95%CI: 0.64-4.04; P = 0.318), or length of stay (OR = 3.74; 95%CI: 0.74-18.98; P = 0.111).

CONCLUSION

SO is linked to poorer survival and higher postoperative complications. Routine body composition assessments may aid early SO identification and intervention. Standardized diagnostic criteria and prospective studies are needed to refine prognostic evaluations.