Bioinspired hydrogel microspheres enhance nucleus pulposus regeneration through N-cadherin interaction with extracellular matrix mimicry.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common cause of debilitating spinal conditions, necessitating regenerative therapies to restore tissue function. This study explores the potential of enhancing nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) viability and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis through surface modification of GelMA microspheres with His-Ala-Val (HAV) peptides. The HAV peptides, mimicking N-cadherin's adhesive properties, aim to promote cell-cell interactions akin to NPCs' native environment. In vitro studies demonstrated enhanced ECM secretion by NPCs cultured on HAV-functionalized GelMA microspheres, suggesting a potential for improved regenerative capacity. The microspheres promoted NP tissue regeneration when implanted in rat tail IVDs post-discectomy, indicating their therapeutic efficacy in vivo. This research provides insights into novel strategies for enhancing cell-material interactions in tissue engineering applications to mitigate IVDD.