Mechanisms of Exercise in Improving Sarcopenia.

The global aging population is driving age-related diseases to become a significant public health challenge. Sarcopenia, an age-related condition marked by muscle mass loss, reduced muscle strength, and/or diminished physical function, contributes to a higher incidence of falls, fractures, hospitalizations, and mortality among affected individuals. Exercise is widely recognized as an affordable and sustainable approach to preventing and managing sarcopenia. This review explores the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, examines how various exercise modalities influence its underlying mechanisms, and elucidates the molecular pathways through which exercise mitigates the condition. By providing a thorough overview, this review aims to identify potential therapeutic targets for sarcopenia, ultimately supporting efforts to reduce the burden on global healthcare systems and address the challenges of an aging population.