Spontaneous gluteal artery rupture resulting in compartment syndrome and sciatic neuropathy. Report of a case in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Spontaneous arterial rupture is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening event. In this case spontaneous bleeding from a gluteal artery resulted in a gluteal compartment syndrome and sciatic neuropathy. Bleeding is best managed by arteriography and embolization. Similar in pathophysiology to the more common leg and forearm compartment syndromes, gluteal compartment syndromes are treated with fasciotomy. Spontaneous arterial bleeding in an extremity may be the initial symptom in patients with a rare form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Additional evaluation for the presence of significant abdominal and intracranial arterial involvement is mandatory. Family members should also be evaluated for this hereditary condition.