Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia and glomerulopathies in children.

Serum HBsAg positivity prevalence was studied on 98 children affected by various nephropathies or obstructive uropathies and on a control group of 71 children, consecutively admitted into the same clinical ward, suffering from other than hepatic or renal diseases. No significant difference was found between the group of children with non-glomerular nephropathies or obstructive uropathies and the control group. The prevalence of HBsAg positivity was significantly higher in male children with membranous glomerulopathy and in those with lipoid nephrosis than in the control group. All HBsAg positive children with glomerulopathies were chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus. However, though left undemonstrated, there still lies a probable pathogenetic relationship between the hepatitis B virus infection and membranous glomerulopathy. The authors hypothesize that an impaired immune response in male children with lipoid nephrosis may account for both the hepatitis B virus infection and the development of the glomerular disease.