Open reduction through a medial approach for congenital dislocation of the hip. A critical review of the Ludloff approach in sixty-six hips.

We reviewed the results of open reduction through the medial approach of Ludloff, done for congenital dislocation in sixty-six hips (sixty-three children). The mean age at the time of the operation was twelve months (range, two to sixty-three months), and the mean duration of follow-up was six years (range, two to thirteen years). Avascular necrosis was evident preoperatively in two hips (3 per cent) and was noted postoperatively in another seven hips (11 per cent). There was a correlation between the age of the patient at the time of the operation and postoperative avascular necrosis, with an increased prevalence of the complication in patients who had been managed with the open reduction after the age of twenty-four months. One redislocation and two subluxations were noted at the time of the first changing of the cast, four weeks postoperatively. Although the acetabular index decreased from a mean of 38 degrees preoperatively to a mean of 16 degrees at the time of follow-up, acetabular dysplasia did not resolve in 33 per cent of the hips and pelvic osteotomy was performed. We consider the Ludloff approach to be a safe and effective method for the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in infants who are less than the age of twenty-four months and in whom a concentric reduction with less than 60 degrees of abduction was not achieved following closed reduction. The advantages of this approach include direct access to the iliopsoas, the transverse acetabular ligament, and the constricted capsule; minimum loss of blood; and a cosmetically acceptable scar.