[Ambulatory management of sickle cell disease: evaluation of the first year follow up of patients in the pediatric department of Lomé (Togo)].

BACKGROUND

This study is an evaluation of the first year ambulatory follow up of patients from the sickle-cell care centre of the paediatric ward of the teaching hospital in Lomé-Tokoin.

PATIENTS AND

METHODS

Togo is situated in the epicentre of the Benin haplotype. A total of 132 patients (109 SS, 22 SC and 1 S beta zero thal) followed up during one year from their admission date (period of 1st January 1996 to 31st December 1997). 132 patients were included in the study.

RESULTS

The patients' age varied, for the majority, between 2 months and 15 years, but a few adults (15%) were included in the study. Information was collected from the hospital files and health cards, which unfortunately did not have specific entrees for sickle cell disease. Clinical features revealed that the frequency of tooth decay and chronic persistent splenomegaly was low when compared to the rates in central Africa (Bantu haplotype). Laboratory findings lead to the conclusion that some analysis are relevant such as the dosage of the G6PD activity (24.1% of patients were deficient), parasitologic analysis of faeces (positive in 22.5%), retinal fluoro-angiography (32.2% of ocular lesions), and cardiologic check-up. On the other hand, scanning of biliary tracts and systematic X-rays of the hips seems to be secondary. Some positive results were noticed by the scanning of biliary tracts without any therapeutic decisions in non-symptomatic patients; no case of osteonecrosis was detected by the X-rays. The mean haemoglobin level was 7.4 +/- 1.4 g/dl for the SS and 10.7 +/- 2.4 g/dl for the SC. The mean MCV were 91.3 +/- 10.1 fl and 82.1 +/- 7.7 fl, respectively. Specific vaccinations were not well performed because of their high cost.

CONCLUSION

In order to carry on and improve the ambulatory management of patients with sickle cell disease, it is important in low income countries, such as Togo, to target the necessary laboratory tests for an initial and annual check-up. Solidarity networks for patients should be promoted and effective involvement of the health authorities ensured.