Comorbidities in spondyloarthritis including psoriatic arthritis.

Comorbidities in spondyloarthritis (SpA) including psoriatic arthritis have to be differentiated to the concept of clinical features of SpA (e.g., uveitis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease). In addition to atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases, the most frequent comorbidities in SpA are osteoporosis, fibromyalgia, and depression. Moreover, the current available drug therapies (e.g., NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and biologics) might increase the risk of some comorbidities such as infections and gastrointestinal disorders. Awareness about these comorbidities is crucial to improve their screening and management. For this purpose, any systematic periodical review should integrate a program (ideally internationally standardized) focused on comorbidities.