Two new polyketides with osteogenic activity from Talaromyces pinophilus WRH-1, an endophytic fungus residing in Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.

Two azaphilones designated as acetosellins A and B (1-2) and one new coumarin (3), along with eight other known compounds (4-11), were isolated from an endophyte Talaromyces pinophilus WRH-1 of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. Their structures were elucidated through detailed interpretation of UV, NMR, and HR-ESI-MS data. The absolute configurations of C-8 in compounds 1 and 2 were determined by spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculations, while C-3 configurations were established through computational 13C NMR and DP4+ analyses. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of 1 and 2 against H23 cell lines were measured using MTT assay, with IC50 values of 14.10 and 14.65 μM, respectively. Furthermore, compound 2 demonstrated medium inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC value of 32 μg/mL. Additionally, compounds 1 and 2 were found to be osteogenic in the prednisolone induced osteoporotic zebrafish at 4 μM and 2 μM, respectively.