Pharmaceutical biology · 2016
Effects of an ethanol extract and the diterpene, xylopic acid, of Xylopia aethiopica fruits in murine models of musculoskeletal pain.
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Woode Eric, Ameyaw Elvis Ofori, Boakye-Gyasi Eric, Abotsi Wonder Kofi Mensah, Oppong Kyekyeku James, Adosraku Reimmel, Biney Robert Peter
Аннотация
CONTEXT: Fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. (Annonaceae) are used traditionally to manage arthritis, headache and other pain disorders.
OBJECTIVE: The analgesic properties of the X. aethiopica ethanol fruit extract (XAE) and xylopic acid (XA) were evaluated in musculoskeletal pain models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute muscle pain was induced in gastrocnemius muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats with 3% carrageenan (i.m.). Rats received XAE (30-300 mg/kg), XA (10-100 mg/kg) or morphine (1-10 mg/kg) after 12 h. Effects of XAE and XA on muscle pain were assessed by measuring post-treatment grip strength of the rats. Chronic muscle pain was similarly induced, but drug treatment was on the eighth day and effects of XAE and XA assessed with Randall-Selitto test for hyperlagesia. Acute-skeletal pain was induced in knee joints of rats with 3% carrageenan-kaolin mixture and effects determined 12-h later. Similar induction protocol was used for chronic knee pain with treatment and measurement as done for chronic muscle pain.
RESULTS: XAE and XA significantly and dose-dependently ameliorated both acute muscle (ED50 mg/kg: XAE = 22.9; XA = 6.2) and skeletal hyperalgesia (XAE = 39.9; XA = 17.7) induced by 3% carrageenan. Similarly, chronic skeletal hyperalgesia was reduced by XAE and XA treatment similar to morphine (ED50: XAE = 13.0; XA = 4.6). This reduction was also seen in chronic muscle hyperalgesia (ED50: XAE = 79.1; XA = 42.7). XAE and XA significantly reduced the spread of hyperalgesia to contralateral limbs in both models of chronic hyperalgesia.
CONCLUSION: These findings establish analgesic properties of the ethanol fruit extract of X. aethiopica and xylopic acid in musculoskeletal pain.
OBJECTIVE: The analgesic properties of the X. aethiopica ethanol fruit extract (XAE) and xylopic acid (XA) were evaluated in musculoskeletal pain models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute muscle pain was induced in gastrocnemius muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats with 3% carrageenan (i.m.). Rats received XAE (30-300 mg/kg), XA (10-100 mg/kg) or morphine (1-10 mg/kg) after 12 h. Effects of XAE and XA on muscle pain were assessed by measuring post-treatment grip strength of the rats. Chronic muscle pain was similarly induced, but drug treatment was on the eighth day and effects of XAE and XA assessed with Randall-Selitto test for hyperlagesia. Acute-skeletal pain was induced in knee joints of rats with 3% carrageenan-kaolin mixture and effects determined 12-h later. Similar induction protocol was used for chronic knee pain with treatment and measurement as done for chronic muscle pain.
RESULTS: XAE and XA significantly and dose-dependently ameliorated both acute muscle (ED50 mg/kg: XAE = 22.9; XA = 6.2) and skeletal hyperalgesia (XAE = 39.9; XA = 17.7) induced by 3% carrageenan. Similarly, chronic skeletal hyperalgesia was reduced by XAE and XA treatment similar to morphine (ED50: XAE = 13.0; XA = 4.6). This reduction was also seen in chronic muscle hyperalgesia (ED50: XAE = 79.1; XA = 42.7). XAE and XA significantly reduced the spread of hyperalgesia to contralateral limbs in both models of chronic hyperalgesia.
CONCLUSION: These findings establish analgesic properties of the ethanol fruit extract of X. aethiopica and xylopic acid in musculoskeletal pain.