Traumatic Retroclival Subdural Hematoma in a Child with Hemophilia.

BACKGROUND

Retroclival hematomas are a rare entity and may occur in 3 compartments, namely the epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces. They are frequently secondary to trauma. Hemophilia is a clinical syndrome affecting usually men and characterized by the inherited tendency to bleed excessively after slight injury. Hemophilia is caused by a specific defect of coagulation factor VIII. The main concern associated with the disease is bleeding, especially after trauma and surgeries. The most serious site of bleeding is the central nervous system.

CASE PRESENTATION: An 11-year-old boy diagnosed with hemophilia presented after sustaining a fall. On arrival to the emergency department, his vitals where within normal range and he was fully conscious. Neurologic examination was significant for bilateral abducens nerve palsy; the rest of the examination was unremarkable. Imaging studies with computed tomography (CT) scan and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed subacute retroclival subdural hemorrhage with left cerebellar and upper cervical spine extension. Follow-up imaging with CT scan showed progressive resolution of the hematoma, and the patient had a stable clinical course while receiving factor VII replacement.

CONCLUSIONS

Retroclival subdural hematomas are rare and may present either spontaneously or after trauma. Conservative treatment is the usual course of treatment. Patients with hemophilia A are under a constant threat from bleeding, either spontaneous or after trivial injury. The most common cause of death in this patient population is intracranial hemorrhage. The most important aspect of intracranial hematoma management is the early replacement therapy of deficient coagulation factors in patients with hemophilia.