Predictors of nonrecovery in acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy and paresis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether nonrecovery from acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy could be predicted from demographic factors or palsy characteristics.

DESIGN

Prospective, observational case series

SETTING

Multicenter (academic and private practices).

OUTCOME MEASURE: Nonrecovery, defined as the presence of diplopia in primary position or more than 10 prism diopters of distance esotropia in primary position at 6 months after onset.

METHODS

Using data from a previously described cohort of 84 eligible patients with acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy, we performed multivariate analyses of demographic factors and palsy characteristics.

RESULTS

Nonrecovery at 6 months after onset was associated with a complete palsy (adjusted risk ratio, 9.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.77-14.84) and with a bilateral palsy or paresis (adjusted risk ratio, 2.53; 95% CI, 0.98-4.29). The choice of conservative management (observation, prism, or patch) versus acute injection of Botulinum toxin (within 3 months of injury) did not influence final recovery.

CONCLUSIONS

In acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis, failure to recover by 6 months after onset was associated independently with inability to abduct past midline at presentation and bilaterality. Although the overall recovery rate is high in acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis, a complete or bilateral case has a poor prognosis and is more likely to need strabismus surgery.