Vesico-ureteral reflux: a genetic condition?

Vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) is a frequent condition, but in most instances, the precise cause is unknown. We here review the evidence of a genetic aetiology of VUR, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, with variable expression. We discuss the possible pathogenetic relationship between VUR and other types of uropathies and possible strategies towards the identification of genes underlying VUR are presented. The isolation of the gene(s) responsible for uropathies will not only lead to a better insight into the embryology of the urological system, the pathogenesis of uropathies, but also to a renewed interest from clinicians in congenital uropathies.