Journal of equine veterinary science · 2026
Molecular typing, biofilm characteristics and biofilm-targeted inhibition strategies of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolated from donkey endometritis.
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Ma S, Luo T, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Yu J, Qu H, Liu B, Wang T, Wu C, Zhu Y, Bai X, Wang Z, Li J
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Endometritis is a major cause of infertility in intensively farmed donkeys. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a predominant pathogen that readily forms biofilms in equine endometritis, conferring resistance to conventional treatments.
AIMS/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to characterize the biofilm dynamics of SEZ isolates obtained from donkeys and to evaluate potential anti-biofilm strategies with different drug combinations.
METHODS: Uterine lavage samples were collected from 30 Dezhou Black donkeys with clinical endometritis. Bacterial cultures were performed on blood agar and MacConkey agar. SEZ isolates were identified by 16S rDNA PCR sequencing. Antimicrobial sensitivity test of SEZ isolates was performed with broth microdilution methods. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used for strain characterization, and in vitro biofilm dynamics were assessed using crystal violet assays. Six agents-Tris-EDTA, hydrogen peroxide, DMSO, penicillin potassium, ceftiofur, and ciprofloxacin-were tested individually or in combination for their inhibitory effects on SEZ biofilms.
RESULTS: Thirteen SEZ isolates were obtained from a total of 31 bacterial isolates (41.9%), representing four novel MLST types: STnovel, ST554, ST555 and ST556. Rapid formation of biofilm was observed at 12-24 h. Strain-dependent inhibitory patterns were observed in SEZ biofilms. Hydrogen peroxide showed the strongest inhibitory effect on STnovel biofilms (73.73 ± 1.48%), while ceftiofur-Tris-EDTA, ciprofloxacin-DMSO and penicillin-DMSO combinations exhibited the highest inhibition against ST554 (66.52 ± 3.66%), ST555 (82.60 ± 2.97%) and ST556 (83.35 ± 1.19%) biofilms.
CONCLUSION: Strain-dependent inhibitory patterns were observed in SEZ biofilms. Antibiotic-non-antibiotic combinations showed promising effects in vitro, highlighting new therapeutic avenues for controlling SEZ biofilm-associated infections in donkeys.
AIMS/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to characterize the biofilm dynamics of SEZ isolates obtained from donkeys and to evaluate potential anti-biofilm strategies with different drug combinations.
METHODS: Uterine lavage samples were collected from 30 Dezhou Black donkeys with clinical endometritis. Bacterial cultures were performed on blood agar and MacConkey agar. SEZ isolates were identified by 16S rDNA PCR sequencing. Antimicrobial sensitivity test of SEZ isolates was performed with broth microdilution methods. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used for strain characterization, and in vitro biofilm dynamics were assessed using crystal violet assays. Six agents-Tris-EDTA, hydrogen peroxide, DMSO, penicillin potassium, ceftiofur, and ciprofloxacin-were tested individually or in combination for their inhibitory effects on SEZ biofilms.
RESULTS: Thirteen SEZ isolates were obtained from a total of 31 bacterial isolates (41.9%), representing four novel MLST types: STnovel, ST554, ST555 and ST556. Rapid formation of biofilm was observed at 12-24 h. Strain-dependent inhibitory patterns were observed in SEZ biofilms. Hydrogen peroxide showed the strongest inhibitory effect on STnovel biofilms (73.73 ± 1.48%), while ceftiofur-Tris-EDTA, ciprofloxacin-DMSO and penicillin-DMSO combinations exhibited the highest inhibition against ST554 (66.52 ± 3.66%), ST555 (82.60 ± 2.97%) and ST556 (83.35 ± 1.19%) biofilms.
CONCLUSION: Strain-dependent inhibitory patterns were observed in SEZ biofilms. Antibiotic-non-antibiotic combinations showed promising effects in vitro, highlighting new therapeutic avenues for controlling SEZ biofilm-associated infections in donkeys.