A Radiologic Intervention in a Tuberous Sclerosis Patient with Massive Bilateral Angiomyolipomas Causing Symptomatic Bleeding: A Case Report and Review of the Renal Manifestations and CT Imaging Features.

Angiomyolipomas are commonly found in patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS), a rare genetic disorder. Angiomyolipomas are benign renal tumors composed of heterogeneously arranged blood vessels, smooth muscle tissue, and fat. Most commonly, angiomyolipomas are small and asymptomatic, but are more prone to enlargement and symptomatic bleeding in TS patients. This case report describes a rare case of massive bilateral angiomyolipomas in a TS patient who presented with spontaneous symptomatic bleeding, anorexia, and failure to thrive. Selective renal embolization was done to decrease the bleeding risk and to reduce the volume of the angiomyolipoma to reduce anorexia, and ultimately failure to thrive. Classic angiomyolipomas have characteristic imaging features including microscopic fat.