Revolutionary decellularized Alstroemeria stem-based nerve conduit integrated with GelMA and controlled IGF-1 LR3 release for enhanced rat sciatic nerve regeneration.

Peripheral nerve injuries lead to significant functional deficits, with no treatment achieving complete recovery. Autologous nerve grafting remains the gold standard, but it is limited by donor site morbidity. Artificial nerve conduits have been developed but have not matched the outcomes of autologous grafts. This study introduces the first-ever decellularized plant-based nerve conduit, fabricated from Alstroemeria stem material, integrated with GelMA, and featuring controlled release of Insulin-like Growth Factor Long Arginine 3 (IGF-1 LR3) for enhanced axonal regeneration. Thirty rats were assigned to six experimental groups (n = 5) and underwent a 1 cm sciatic nerve defect. Regeneration was assessed via gait analysis, electrophysiology, histology, and immunohistochemistry, comparing the decellularized conduit to autologous grafts and commercial conduits. The IGF-1 LR3-controlled releasing decellularized conduit significantly improved axonal regeneration and showed comparable performance to autologous nerve grafts, without inducing systemic toxicity. This novel conduit demonstrates the potential of plant-based biomaterials for effective peripheral nerve repair.