Varicocele: new perspectives on an old problem.

Varicocele has a substantial adverse effect on sperm production and male fertility, so varicocelectomy has an important role in treating infertility. Beyond its effects on fertility, varicocele may also be associated with pain, affect testosterone production and have some relevance for men with the most severe forms of male infertility, non-obstructive azoospermia. The adolescent with varicocele may also benefit from repair, especially if testicular growth has been affected. This issue of Fertility & Sterility has important insights into these clinical scenarios where varicoceles and their repair may be important.